Rotating electric machine stator core and method of making

ABSTRACT

A method of making a motor stator core having a back iron and a plurality of teeth extending radially inward from the back iron includes providing the plurality of teeth and the back iron from oriented steel so that a magnetic flux transmission path is formed with superior properties in essentially one direction. At least one of the plurality of teeth and the back iron is annealed in selected portions so as to improve magnetic flux transmission in a second direction, different from the one direction.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This disclosure relates to methods of making motor stator cores.

BACKGROUND

Motor cores are usually made out of sheets of steel material, which can be oriented or non-oriented. Oriented steel has oriented, or anisotropic, properties in the direction that the steel is stretched or rolled, thereby having superior magnetic properties in that direction of rolling. On the other hand, oriented steel has inferior properties in the other, crosswise directions of rolling. Since stator cores of motors are round and have flux flowing in perpendicular directions in the teeth (radial direction) and back iron (around the circumference), the use of oriented steel helps magnetic flux transmission in one area of the stator, but hurts it just as much in a different area of the stator so that its overall effect is usually zero. Thus, almost all motors use non-oriented steel.

In non-oriented steel, the steel is typically rolled in one direction and punched using dies into the desired shape. In many cases, the entire piece is then annealed to remove any incidental directional properties due to rolling and punching. As a result, the magnetic flux in motors made of non-oriented steel flow through the steel moderately well in any direction with no direction of flow being superior to another and no direction being inferior to another.

However, it would be desirable to provide a motor stator that utilizes the benefits of both oriented and non-oriented steel so as to obtain the more efficient, magnetic flux transmission in some areas of the stator without sacrificing magnetic flux transmission in a direction cross-wise to those areas.

SUMMARY

A method of making a motor stator core having a back iron and a plurality of teeth extending radially inward from the back iron includes providing the plurality of teeth and the back iron from oriented steel so that a magnetic flux transmission path is formed with superior properties in essentially one direction. At least one of the plurality of teeth and the back iron is annealed in selected portions so as to improve magnetic flux transmission in a second direction, different from the one direction, such as the direction perpendicular to the one direction.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

One or more embodiments will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a tooth and a portion of a back iron of a segmented stator made in accordance with the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a stator core made in accordance with a first embodiment of the method of the present disclosure; and

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a stator core made in accordance with a second embodiment of the method of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring now to the drawings, wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustrating certain exemplary embodiments only and not for the purpose of limiting the same, FIG. 1 shows a segmented motor stator core made in accordance with the method of the present disclosure. A segmented stator core is typically utilized in small motors because the wires can be wound very closely around the individual segments before assembly into a circular stator. First the steel is rolled in a first direction and the individual teeth 10 and back iron portions 12 are punched so that the magnetic flux transmission path would be in a lengthwise direction in both portions as shown by the double ended arrows of FIG. 1. Then, each of the teeth are coupled to the back iron portions via welding so that the magnetic flux transmission path of the teeth is perpendicular to the magnetic flux transmission path of the back iron with a region of annealed, non-oriented steel 13 (e.g. weld) between them. Once the individual segments are assembled, the stator core 14 will have the magnetic flux transmission paths with superior properties in the directions as shown in FIG. 2.

Turning now to FIG. 3, there is shown a motor stator core made of a continuous circular stator comprising a plurality of teeth 10 extending radially inward from the continuous back iron 12. In this application, the stator is punched from steel rolled in one direction. This type of stator is more difficult to improve because the magnetic properties of the oriented steel are in one direction all of the way around each lamination. In one embodiment, a portion of the teeth 10 are annealed to remove the directional properties, such as at the 12 o'clock and 6 o'clock positions. Portions of the back iron 12 are annealed at areas perpendicular to the annealed teeth 10, such as at the 3 o'clock and 9 o'clock positions. Another portion of the teeth 10 are not annealed, such as at the 3 o'clock and 9 o'clock positions. Other portions of the back iron are not annealed, such as the 12 o'clock and 6 o'clock positions. The teeth and back iron in the positions not already described would then receive some intermediate degree of annealing.

This annealing of the teeth and back iron in selected portions will improve magnetic flux transmission in the core of the completed motor in the annealed portions because, prior to annealing, the superior direction for magnetic flux in the pre-annealed oriented material is not substantially aligned in all places around the stator with the magnetic flux that will be developed in normal operation.

For the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the stator core can be stacked in a staggered pattern, wherein the annealed portions would be at a predetermined angle between each lamination or group thereof in the stack, such as 120 degrees. In this case, each feature of the stacked stator core, such as a given tooth 10, would be composed partly of core material with the orientation at or near the most helpful direction and partly of material having been annealed and therefore having no orientation. Thus, according to this embodiment of the disclosure, the magnetic properties of the completed stator core would be improved over a stator core composed entirely of non-oriented material.

The annealing of the continuous stator can be by applying energy to the selective portions. In a first method, energy, such as heat, can be applied suddenly to selective portions of the stator to heat it significantly above the threshold temperature for annealing, so that annealing takes place relatively quickly, and then cooling the selective portions before the temperature of the remainder of the stator has increased to the annealing temperature. Alternatively, the energy can be applied to the selective portions while simultaneously cooling the non-selective portions so as to establish an essentially steady-state temperature gradient in the stator for the annealing process, so that some of the stator is above annealing temperature and some of the stator is below the annealing temperature.

Thus, by selectively annealing portions of the stator core where directional properties work against the overall performance of the motor, such as in the back iron, while leaving the directional properties intact where they aid the overall performance of the motor, such as the teeth, the core losses are decreased while the efficiency is improved.

Core losses can be used to apply energy selectively to the stator core. Applying a strong, fluctuating or alternating magnetic field to the stator core with a similar pattern of magnetic flux as the motor would develop in normal operation will cause greater losses, and therefore greater heat to be applied, in portions of the stator core where directional properties of the oriented steel would work against the overall performance of the motor in normal operation. That is, a rapidly varying magnetic flux traveling around the back iron, which the stator will develop in normal operation, will cause the greatest heating wherever in the back iron that the superior direction for the transmission of magnetic flux is crosswise to the flux. This heat gradient is beneficially utilized to selectively anneal those portions where heating is greatest (i.e. portions where flux transmission is least efficient). 

1. Method of making a rotating electric machine stator core having a back iron and a plurality of teeth extending radially inward from the back iron, the method comprising: providing the motor stator core whose plurality of teeth and back iron are made from oriented steel so that a magnetic flux transmission path is formed with superior magnetic properties in essentially one direction; and annealing at least one of the plurality of teeth and the back iron in selected portions so as to improve magnetic flux transmission in a second direction, different from the one direction.
 2. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein providing the motor stator core comprises providing a plurality of segments, each segment consisting of a tooth and a portion of the back iron, each tooth being made from oriented steel so as to have a magnetic flux transmission path in an essentially lengthwise direction and each portion of the back iron being made from oriented steel so as to have a magnetic flux transmission path in an essentially lengthwise direction, and wherein annealing at least one of the plurality of teeth and the back iron includes annealing a portion where each of the plurality of teeth is connected to the portion of the back iron so that the magnetic flux transmission path with superior properties of each of the teeth is perpendicular to the magnetic flux transmission path with superior properties of each of the portions of the back iron.
 3. The method as recited in claim 2 wherein the annealing each of the teeth to each of the portions of the back iron includes welding each of the teeth to each of the portions of the back iron.
 4. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein providing the motor stator core comprises providing a continuous circular stator and wherein annealing at least one of the plurality of teeth and the back iron comprises: annealing a portion of the plurality of teeth so as to remove the superior properties of the magnetic flux transmission path in the one direction; and annealing a portion of the back iron at an area perpendicular to the annealed portions of the plurality of teeth so as to the remove superior properties of the magnetic flux transmission path in the one direction.
 5. The method as recited in claim 4 further comprising: stacking the continuous circular stators so that the annealed portions of the teeth and the back iron are staggered at a predetermined angle from each other.
 6. The method as recited in claim 4 wherein annealing the portions of the plurality of teeth and the portions of the back iron includes applying energy to the portions by using a rapidly changing magnetic field with substantially the same direction of magnetic flux that the completed motor will develop in operation.
 7. The method as recited in claim 4 wherein annealing the portions includes applying heat to the portions at a high temperature followed by cooling the portions.
 8. The method as recited in claim 4 wherein annealing the portions includes applying heat to those portions while simultaneously cooling the other portions of the stator where the oriented properties are to remain.
 9. Stator core lamination for a rotating electric machine including a circumferential annular back iron portion and teeth extending radially inward from the back iron portion, the improvement comprising: said teeth being radially anisotropic.
 10. Stator core lamination for a rotating electric machine including a circumferential annular back iron portion and teeth extending radially inward from the back iron portion, the improvement comprising: said backiron portion characterized by anisotropic regions and isotropic regions.
 11. Method of making a rotating electric machine stator core lamination, the method comprising: punching a lamination including back-iron and teeth from oriented steel; and selectively annealing at least one of a tooth and a selected portion of back iron.
 12. Method of claim 11 wherein selectively annealing comprises annealing selected teeth and portions of back iron having pre-annealed orientation not substantially aligned with a local magnetic flux to be generated within the stator core during electric machine operation. 